THE NEW ENGLAND HOLIDAY Then, too, the people were countenanced, if not encouraged, in relaxing the severe and close application to their various modes of rugged industry, which at all other times, seemed of the same piece and material with their religion. Here, it is true, were none of the appliances which popular merriment would so readily have found in the England of Elizabeth's time, or that of James—no rude shows of a theatrical kind; no minstrel, with his harp and legendary ballad, nor gleeman with an ape dancing to his music; no juggler, with his tricks of mimic witchcraft; no Merry Andrew, to stir up the multitude with jests, perhaps a hundred years old, but still effective, by their appeals to the very broadest sources of mirthful sympathy. All such professors of the several branches of jocularity would have been sternly repressed, not only by the rigid discipline of law, but by the general sentiment which give law its vitality. Not the less, however, the great, honest face of the people smiled—grimly, perhaps, but widely too. Nor were sports wanting, such as the colonists had witnessed, and shared in, long ago, at the country fairs and on the village-greens of England; and which it was thought well to keep alive on this new soil, for the sake of the courage and manliness that were essential in them. Wrestling matches, in the different fashions of Cornwall and Devonshire, were seen here and there about the market-place; in one corner, there was a friendly bout at quarterstaff; and—what attracted most interest of all—on the platform of the pillory, already so noted in our pages, two masters of defence were commencing an exhibition with the buckler and broadsword. But, much to the disappointment of the crowd, this latter business was broken off by the interposition of the town beadle, who had no idea of permitting the majesty of the law to be violated by such an abuse of one of its consecrated places. It may not be too much to affirm, on the whole, (the people being then in the first stages of joyless deportment, and the offspring of sires who had known how to be merry, in their day), that they would compare favourably, in point of holiday keeping, with their descendants, even at so long an interval as ourselves. Their immediate posterity, the generation next to the early emigrants, wore the blackest shade of Puritanism, and so darkened the national visage with it, that all the subsequent years have not sufficed to clear it up. We have yet to learn again the forgotten art of gaiety. The picture of human life in the market-place, though its general tint was the sad gray, brown, or black of the English emigrants, was yet enlivened by some diversity of hue. A party of Indians—in their savage finery of curiously embroidered deerskin robes, wampum-belts, red and yellow ochre, and feathers, and armed with the bow and arrow and stone-headed spear—stood apart with countenances of inflexible gravity, beyond what even the Puritan aspect could attain. Nor, wild as were these painted barbarians, were they the wildest feature of the scene. This distinction could more justly be claimed by some mariners—a part of the crew of the vessel from the Spanish Main—who had come ashore to see the humours of Election Day. They were rough-looking desperadoes, with sun-blackened faces, and an immensity of beard; their wide short tros were confined about the waist by belts, often clasped with a rough plate of gold, and sustaining always a long knife, and in some instances, a sword. From beneath their broad-brimmed hats of palm-leaf, gleamed eyes which, even in good-nature and merriment, had a kind of animal ferocity. They transgressed without fear or scruple, the rules of behaviour that were binding on all others: smoking tobacco under the beadle's very nose, although each whiff would have cost a townsman a shilling; and quaffing at their pleasure, draughts of wine or aqua-vitae from pocket flasks, which they freely tendered to the gaping crowd around them. It remarkably characterised the incomplete morality of the age, rigid as we call it, that a licence was allowed the seafaring class, not merely for their freaks on shore, but for far more desperate deeds on their proper element. The sailor of that day would go near to be arraigned as a pirate in our own. There could be little doubt, for instance, that this very ship's crew, though no unfavourable specimens of the nautical brotherhood, had been guilty, as we should phrase it, of depredations on the Spanish commerce, such as would have perilled all their necks in a modern court of justice.
But the sea in those old times heaved, swelled, and foamed very much at its own will, or subject only to the tempestuous wind, with hardly any attempts at regulation by human law. The buccaneer on the wave might relinquish his calling and become at once if he chose, a man of probity and piety on land; nor, even in the full career of his reckless life, was he regarded as a personage with whom it was disreputable to traffic or casually associate. Thus the Puritan elders in their black cloaks, starched bands, and steeple-crowned hats, smiled not unbenignantly at the clamour and rude deportment of these jolly seafaring men; and it excited neither surprise nor animadversion when so reputable a citizen as old Roger Chillingworth, the physician, was seen to enter the market-place in close and familiar talk with the commander of the questionable vessel. The latter was by far the most showy and gallant figure, so far as apparel went, anywhere to be seen among the multitude. He wore a profusion of ribbons on his garment, and gold lace on his hat, which was also encircled by a gold chain, and surmounted with a feather. There was a sword at his side and a sword-cut on his forehead, which, by the arrangement of his hair, he seemed anxious rather to display than hide. A landsman could hardly have worn this garb and shown this face, and worn and shown them both with such a galliard air, without undergoing stern question before a magistrate, and probably incurring a fine or imprisonment, or perhaps an exhibition in the stocks. As regarded the shipmaster, however, all was looked upon as pertaining to the character, as to a fish his glistening scales. After parting from the physician, the commander of the Bristol ship strolled idly through the market-place; until happening to approach the spot where Hester Prynne was standing, he appeared to recognise, and did not hesitate to address her. As was usually the case wherever Hester stood, a small vacant area—a sort of magic circle—had formed itself about her, into which, though the people were elbowing one another at a little distance, none ventured or felt disposed to intrude. It was a forcible type of the moral solitude in which the scarlet letter enveloped its fated wearer; partly by her own reserve, and partly by the instinctive, though no longer so unkindly, withdrawal of her fellow-creatures. Now, if never before, it answered a good purpose by enabling Hester and the seaman to speak together without risk of being overheard; and so changed was Hester Prynne's repute before the public, that the matron in town, most eminent for rigid morality, could not have held such intercourse with less result of scandal than herself. "So, mistress," said the mariner, "I must bid the steward make ready one more berth than you bargained for! No fear of scurvy or ship fever this voyage. What with the ship's surgeon and this other doctor, our only danger will be from drug or pill; more by token, as there is a lot of apothecary's stuff aboard, which I traded for with a Spanish vessel." "What mean you?" inquired Hester, startled more than she permitted to appear. "Have you another enger?" "Why, know you not," cried the shipmaster, "that this physician here—Chillingworth he calls himself—is minded to try my cabin-fare with you? Ay, ay, you must have known it; for he tells me he is of your party, and a close friend to the gentleman you spoke of—he that is in peril from these sour old Puritan rulers." "They know each other well, indeed," replied Hester, with a mien of calmness, though in the utmost consternation. "They have long dwelt together." Nothing further ed between the mariner and Hester Prynne. But at that instant she beheld old Roger Chillingworth himself, standing in the remotest corner of the market-place and smiling on her; a smile which—across the wide and bustling square, and through all the talk and laughter, and various thoughts, moods, and interests of the crowd—conveyed secret and fearful meaning. |
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EL DA DE FIESTA EN NUEVA INGLATERRA En ocasiones semejantes se le permita al pueblo, y hasta se le animaba, a que se solazara y dejase sus diversos trabajos e industrias, a que en todo tiempo pareca se aplicaba con la misma rigidez y severidad que a sus austeras prcticas religiosas. Por de contado que aqu no poda esperarse nada parecido a lo que se hubiera visto en las fiestas populares de Inglaterra en tiempos de la Reina Isabel; ni rudas representaciones teatrales; ni ministriles con sus arpas y baladas legendarias; ni msicos ambulantes con un mono bailando al son de la msica; ni jugadores de mano y titiriteros con sus suertes y artificios de hechicera; ni payasos y saltimbanquis tratando de alegrar la multitud con sus chistes, quizs de varios siglos de antigedad, pero surtiendo siempre buen efecto, porque se dirigen a los sentimientos universales dispuestos a la alegra y buen humor. Toda esta clase de profesores de los diferentes ramos de diversin y entretenimiento haban sido severamente suprimidos, no slo por la rgida disciplina de la ley, sino por la sancin general que es lo que constituye la vitalidad de las leyes. Sin embargo, an careciendo de todo esto, la honrada y buena cara del pueblo sonrea, quizs con cierta dureza, pero tambin a quijada batiente. Ni se diga por eso que faltaban juegos y recreos de la clase que los colonos haban presenciado muchos aos atrs, en las ferias campestres de Inglaterra, en los que acaso tomaron parte, y consideraban sera conveniente conservar en estas nuevas tierras; por ejemplo, se vean luchas a brazo partido, de diferentes clases, aqu y all en la plaza del mercado; en una esquina haba un combate amistoso al garrote; y lo que ms que todo llamaba la atencin, en el tablado de la picota a que ya se ha hecho referencia varias veces en estas pginas, dos maestros de armas comenzaban a dar una muestra de sus habilidades con broquel y espadn. Pero con gran chasco y disgusto de los espectadores, este entretenimiento fue suspendido mediante la intervencin del alguacil de la ciudad, que no quera permitir que la majestad de la ley se violase con semejante abuso de uno de sus lugares consagrados.
Aunque los colores del cuadro de la vida humana que se desplegaba en la plaza del mercado fueran en lo general sombros, no por eso dejaban de estar animados con diversidad de matices. Haba una cuadrilla de indios con trajes de piel de ciervo curiosamente bordados, cinturones rojos y amarillos, plumas en la cabeza, y armados con arco, flechas y lanzas de punta de pedernal, que permanecan aparte, como separados de todo el mundo, con rostros de inflexible gravedad, que ni aun la de los puritanos poda superar. Pero a pesar de todo, no eran estos salvajes pintados de colores, los que pudieran presentarse como tipo de lo ms violento o licencioso de las gentes que all estaban congregadas. Semejante honor, si en ello le hay, podan reclamarlo con ms fundamento algunos de los marineros que formaban parte de la tripulacin del buque procedente del Mar Caribe, que tambin haban venido a tierra a divertirse el da de la eleccin. Eran hombres que se haban echado el alma a las espaldas, de rostros tostados por el sol y grandes y espesas barbas; sus pantalones, cortos y anchos, estaban sostenidos por un cinturn, que a veces cerraban placas o hebillas de oro, y del cual penda siempre un gran cuchillo, y en algunos casos un sable. Por debajo de las anchas alas de sus sombreros de paja, se vean brillar ojos que, aun en momentos de alegra y buen humor, tenan una especie de ferocidad instintiva. Sin temor ni escrpulo de ninguna especie, violaban las reglas de buen comportamiento a que se sometan todos los dems, fumando a las mismas narices del alguacil de la poblacin, aunque cada bocanada de humo habra costado buena suma de reales, por va de multa, a todo otro vecino de la ciudad, y apurando sin ningn reparo tragos de vino o de aguardiente en frascos que sacaban de sus faltriqueras, y que ofrecan liberalmente a la asombrada multitud que los rodeaba. Nada caracteriza tanto la moralidad a medias de aquellos tiempos, que hoy calificamos de rgidos, como la licencia que se permita a los marineros, no hablamos slo de sus calaveradas cuando estaban en tierra, sino an mucho ms tratndose de sus actos de violencia y rapia cuando se hallaban en su propio elemento. El marinero de aquella poca correra hoy el peligro de que se le acusara de pirata ante un tribunal. Por ejemplo, poca duda podra abrigarse que los tripulantes del buque de que hemos hablado, aunque no de lo peor de su gnero, haban sido culpables de depredaciones contra el comercio espaol, de tal naturaleza, que pondran en riesgo sus vidas en un moderno tribunal de justicia.
Pero en aquellos antiguos tiempos el mar se alborotaba, se hencha y se rizaba, segn su capricho, o estaba sujeto solamente a los vientos tempestuosos, sin que apenas se hubiera intentado establecer cdigo alguno que regulase las acciones de los que lo surcaban. El bucanero poda abandonar su profesin y convertirse, si as lo deseaba, en hombre honrado y piadoso, dejando las olas y fijndose en tierra; y ni aun en plena carrera de su existencia borrascosa se le consideraba como individuo con quien no era decente tener tratos ni relacin social, aunque fuera casualmente. De consiguiente, los viejos puritanos con sus capas negras y sombreros puntiagudos, no podan menos de sonrerse ante la manera bulliciosa y ruda de comportarse de estos alegres marineros; sin que excitara sorpresa, ni diese lugar a crticas, ver que una persona tan respetable como el anciano Roger Chillingworth entrase en la plaza del mercado en ntima y amistosa pltica con el capitn del buque de dudosa reputacin.
Puede afirmarse que entre toda aquella multitud all congregada no haba figura de aspecto tan vistoso y bizarro, a lo menos en lo que hace al traje, como la de aquel capitn. Llevaba el vestido profusamente cubierto de cintas, galn de oro en el sombrero que rodeaba una cadenilla, tambin de oro, y adornado adems con una pluma. Tena espada al cinto, y ostentaba en la frente una cuchillada que, merced a cierto arreglo especial del cabello, pareca ms deseoso de mostrar que de esconder. Un ciudadano que no hubiera sido marino, apenas se habra atrevido a llevar ese traje y mostrar esa cara, con tal desenfado y arrogancia, sabiendo que se expona a sufrir un severo interrogatorio ante un magistrado, incurriendo probablemente en una crecida multa o en algunos cuantos das de crcel: pero tratndose de un capitn de buque, todo se consideraba perteneciente al oficio, as como las escamas son parte de un pez.
Despus de separarse del mdico, el capitn del buque con destino a Brstol empez a pasearse lentamente por la plaza del mercado, hasta que, acercndose por casualidad al sitio en que estaba Ester, pareci reconocerla y no vacil en dirigirle la palabra. Como aconteca por lo comn donde quiera que se hallaba Ester, en torno suyo se formaba un corto espacio vaco, una especie de crculo mgico en el que, aunque el pueblo se estuviera codeando y pisoteando a muy corta distancia, nadie se aventuraba ni se senta dispuesto a penetrar. Era un ejemplo vivo de la soledad moral a que la letra escarlata condenaba a su portadora, debido en parte a la reserva de Ester, y en parte al instintivo alejamiento de sus conciudadanos, a pesar de que haca ya tiempo que haban dejado de mostrarse poco caritativos para con ella. Ahora, ms que nunca, le sirvi irablemente, pues le proporcion el modo de hablar con el marino sin peligro de que los circunstantes se enteraran de su conversacin; y tal cambio se haba operado en la reputacin de que gozaba Ester a los ojos del pblico, que la matrona ms eminente de la colonia en punto a rgida moralidad, no podra haberse permitido aquella entrevista, sin dar margen al escndalo.
—De modo, seora,—dijo el capitn,—que debo ordenar a mi mayordomo que prepare otro camarote, adems de los que Vd. ha contratado. Lo que es en este viaje no habr temor de escorbuto o tifus; porque con el cirujano de abordo, y este otro mdico, nuestro nico peligro sern las pldoras o las drogas que nos istren, pues tengo en el buque una buena provisin de medicinas que compr a un buque espaol.
—Qu est Vd. diciendo?—pregunt Ester con mayor alarma de la que quisiera haber mostrado.—Tiene Vd. otro pasajero?
—Cmo! No sabe Vd.,—exclam el capitn del barco,—que el mdico de esta plaza,—Chillingworth como dice llamarse,—est dispuesto a compartir mi cmara con Vd.? S, s, Vd. debe saberlo, pues me ha dicho que es uno de la compaa, y adems ntimo amigo del caballero de quien Vd. habl, de ese que corre peligro aqu en manos de estos viejos y speros gobernantes puritanos.
—S, se conocen ntimamente,—replic Ester con semblante sereno, aunque toda llena de la ms profunda consternacin,—han vivido juntos mucho tiempo.
Nada ms pas entre el marino y Ester. Pero en aquel mismo instante vio sta al viejo Roger de pie en el ngulo ms remoto de la plaza del mercado, sonrindole; sonrisa que,—al travs de aquel vasto espacio de terreno, y en medio de tanta charla, alegra, bullicio y animacin, y de tanta diversidad de intereses y de sentimientos,—encerraba una significacin secreta y terrible. |